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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Managerial Financearrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Managerial Finance
Article . 1995 . Peer-reviewed
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A Comparative Study of Alternative Indicators of Budgetary Slack

Authors: John R. Leavins; Khursheed Omer; Arv Vilutis;

A Comparative Study of Alternative Indicators of Budgetary Slack

Abstract

The objective of this study was to empirically test Wolf's [1971] proposed objective indicator against a subjective indicator of budgetary slack. This was accomplished by correlating two indicators of budgetary slack with each other and with each of the slack contributing factors identified in the literature. A moderately positive relationship was found to exist between the subjective and objective indicators of budgetary slack. A strong relationship between the linkage of the budgetary system to the system of rewards and the two indicators of budget slack was indicated. Budget pressure revealed a moderately positive relationship with budgetary slack. The test for the relationship for budgetary participation and the firm's economic environment with the indicators of budgetary slack produced mixed results. The correlation coefficient for the degree of decentralization was weak but positive with the objective indicator and slightly negative with the subjective indicator of slack. Since budget slack is a commonly observed phenomenon in business organizations, it is important to discover practical ways to obtain an indication of the creation of slack in an organization. Such monitoring of slack would lead to better utilization of company resources and the achievement of operational efficiency. The use of an objective indicator holds promise for internal monitoring of slack by companies because an in‐house questionnaire may not be dependable. In spite of its limitations, this study takes an important first step in this development.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
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