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Physical Review Research
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
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Physical Review Research
Article . 2025
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
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Fastest first-passage time statistics for time-dependent particle injection

Authors: Grebenkov, Denis; Metzler, Ralf; Oshanin, Gleb;

Fastest first-passage time statistics for time-dependent particle injection

Abstract

A common scenario in a variety of biological systems is that multiple particles are searching in parallel for an immobile target located in a bounded domain, and the fastest among them that arrives to the target first triggers a given desirable or detrimental process. The statistics of such extreme events—the first-passage to the target—is well-understood by now through a series of theoretical analyses, but exclusively under the assumption that all N particles start , i.e., all are introduced into the domain instantly, by δ-function-like pulses. However, in many practically important situations this is not the case: to start their search, the particles often have to enter first into a bounded domain, e.g., a cell or its nucleus, penetrating through gated channels or nuclear pores. This entrance process has a random duration so that the particles appear in the domain sequentially and with a time delay. Here we focus on the effect of such an extended-in-time injection of multiple particles on the fastest first-passage time (fFPT) and its statistics. We derive the full probability density function HN(t) of the fFPT with an arbitrary time-dependent injection intensity of N particles. Under rather general assumptions on the survival probability of a single particle and on the injection intensity, we derive the large-N asymptotic formula for the mean fFPT, which is quite different from that obtained for the instantaneous δ-pulse injection. The extended injection is also shown to considerably slow down the convergence of HN(t) to its large-N limit—the Gumbel distribution—so that the latter may be inapplicable in the most relevant settings with few tens to few thousands of particles.

Country
France
Keywords

Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), Chemical Physics, Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech), Biological Physics, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), Physics, QC1-999, FOS: Physical sciences, [MATH] Mathematics [math], [PHYS] Physics [physics], Statistical Mechanics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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