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Mixed states for mixing neutrinos

حالات مختلطة لخلط النيوترونات
Authors: Gabriel Cozzella; C. Giunti;

Mixed states for mixing neutrinos

Abstract

Ici, nous discutons de la description des neutrinos de saveur produits ou détectés dans des processus qui impliquent plus d'un neutrino. Nous montrons que dans ces cas, les neutrinos de saveur ne peuvent pas être décrits séparément par des états purs, mais nécessitent une description de la matrice de densité. Nous considérons explicitement les exemples de production $ \nu_{e}$ et $ \bar\nu_{\mu}$ dans la désintégration $ \mu^{+}$ et la détection $ \nu_{\mu}$ par diffusion sur les électrons. Nous montrons que la matrice de densité qui décrit un neutrino de saveur ne peut être approchée avec une matrice de densité d'un état pur que lorsque les différences des masses de neutrino sont négligées dans le processus d'interaction. Dans cette approximation, les états purs sont les états de saveur standard et on retrouve l'expression standard de la probabilité d'oscillation des neutrinos. Nous discutons également des effets du mélange des trois neutrinos légers standard avec des neutrinos lourds qui peuvent être soit découplés parce que leurs masses sont beaucoup plus grandes que l'énergie neutrino maximale dans le processus de production de neutrinos, soit parce qu'ils sont produits et détectés de manière incohérente. Enfin, nous discutons du cas plus compliqué de la diffusion élastique neutrino-électronique, dans laquelle les neutrinos initiaux et finaux n'ont pas de saveurs déterminées, mais il existe une dépendance à la saveur en raison des différentes contributions des interactions de courant chargé et de courant neutre.

Aquí discutimos la descripción de los neutrinos de sabor producidos o detectados en procesos que involucran más de un neutrino. Mostramos que en estos casos los neutrinos de sabor no pueden describirse por separado mediante estados puros, sino que requieren una descripción de matriz de densidad. Consideramos explícitamente los ejemplos de $\nu_{e}$ y $\bar\nu_{\mu}$ producción en $\mu^{+}$ decaimiento y $\nu_{\mu}$ detección a través de dispersión en electrones. Mostramos que la matriz de densidad que describe un neutrino de sabor se puede aproximar con una matriz de densidad de un estado puro solo cuando las diferencias de las masas de neutrinos se descuidan en el proceso de interacción. En esta aproximación, los estados puros son los estados de sabor estándar y se recupera la expresión estándar para la probabilidad de oscilación de neutrinos. También discutimos los efectos de la mezcla de los tres neutrinos ligeros estándar con neutrinos pesados que pueden desacoplarse porque sus masas son mucho mayores que la energía máxima de neutrinos en el proceso de producción de neutrinos o porque se producen y detectan de manera incoherente. Finalmente, discutimos el caso más complicado de la dispersión elástica neutrino-electrón, en el que los neutrinos iniciales y finales no tienen sabores determinados, pero existe una dependencia del sabor debido a las diferentes contribuciones de las interacciones de corriente cargada y corriente neutra.

Here we discuss the description of flavor neutrinos produced or detected in processes which involve more than one neutrino. We show that in these cases flavor neutrinos cannot be separately described by pure states, but require a density matrix description. We consider explicitly the examples of $\nu_{e}$ and $\bar\nu_{\mu}$ production in $\mu^{+}$ decay and $\nu_{\mu}$ detection through scattering on electrons. We show that the density matrix which describes a flavor neutrino can be approximated with a density matrix of a pure state only when the differences of the neutrino masses are neglected in the interaction process. In this approximation, the pure states are the standard flavor states and one recovers the standard expression for the neutrino oscillation probability. We discuss also the effects of mixing of the three standard light neutrinos with heavy neutrinos which can be either decoupled because their masses are much larger than the maximum neutrino energy in the neutrino production process or because they are produced and detected incoherently. Finally, we discuss the more complicated case of neutrino-electron elastic scattering, in which the initial and final neutrinos do not have determined flavors, but there is a flavor dependence due to the different contributions of charged-current and neutral-current interactions.

نناقش هنا وصف نكهة النيوترونات المنتجة أو المكتشفة في العمليات التي تنطوي على أكثر من نيوترينو واحد. نظهر أنه في هذه الحالات لا يمكن وصف النيوترونات النكهة بشكل منفصل بالحالات النقية، ولكنها تتطلب وصفًا لمصفوفة الكثافة. نعتبر صراحة أمثلة $\nu _{ e }$ و $\bar\nu _{\ mu }$ الإنتاج في $\mu^{+}$ الاضمحلال و $\nu _{\mu }$ الكشف من خلال التشتت على الإلكترونات. نظهر أن مصفوفة الكثافة التي تصف نيوترينو النكهة يمكن تقريبها بمصفوفة كثافة في حالة نقية فقط عندما يتم إهمال اختلافات كتل النيوترينو في عملية التفاعل. في هذا التقريب، تكون الحالات النقية هي حالات النكهة القياسية ويستعيد المرء التعبير القياسي لاحتمال تذبذب النيوترينو. نناقش أيضًا تأثيرات خلط النيوترونات الخفيفة القياسية الثلاثة مع النيوترونات الثقيلة التي يمكن فصلها إما لأن كتلتها أكبر بكثير من الحد الأقصى لطاقة النيوترينو في عملية إنتاج النيوترينو أو لأنها يتم إنتاجها واكتشافها بشكل غير مترابط. أخيرًا، نناقش الحالة الأكثر تعقيدًا للتشتت المرن للنيوترينو- الإلكترون، حيث لا تحتوي النيوترونات الأولية والنهائية على نكهات محددة، ولكن هناك اعتماد على النكهة بسبب المساهمات المختلفة لتفاعلات التيار المشحون والتيار المحايد.

Country
Brazil
Keywords

Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutrino oscillation, Matrix (chemical analysis), Nuclear physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 530, Solar neutrino, Quantum mechanics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Neutrino Interactions, Mixing (physics), Neutrino, High-Energy Astrophysics and Particle Acceleration Studies, Pontecorvo–Maki–Nakagawa–Sakata matrix, Particle Physics and High-Energy Collider Experiments, Neutrinos, Chromatography, Physics, Particle physics, Neutrino Detection, Neutrino Masses, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, Physical Sciences, Neutrino Flavor Transformation and Detection, Cosmic neutrino background, Neutrino Flavor Transformation

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    influence
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid