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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1103/physre...
Article . 1989 . Peer-reviewed
License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
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High-temperature sphalerons

Authors: , Cornwall;

High-temperature sphalerons

Abstract

The SU(2) part of electroweak gauge theory has sphaleronlike configurations even in its symmetric phase (temperature {ital T}{gt}{ital T}{sub {ital c}}) which mediate baryon-number-violating processes. These sphalerons sit on top of a potential barrier (which we construct explicitly) whose height rises linearly with {ital T}, and always exceeds {ital T} by a substantial factor. Such symmetric sphalerons are entirely nonperturbative, and we can at present only give lower bounds to the potential height, that is, the sphaleron mass {ital M}{sub {ital s}}. In terms of the Boltzmann factor exp({minus}{beta}{ital M}{sub {ital s}})==e{sup {minus}A}, when {ital T}{much gt}{ital T}{sub {ital c}}, {ital A} is a pure number independent of both {ital T} and {ital g}, the electroweak coupling constant. We estimate 13{lt}{ital A}{approx lt}40, corresponding to a Boltzmann factor between 2{times}10{sup {minus}6} and 4{times}10{sup {minus}18}. We do not discuss the full problem of small fluctuations around the sphaleron (necessary to find sphaleron-induced rates from the Boltzmann factor) but our explicitly constructed potential barrier gives a reasonable estimate of the single imaginary eigenvalue of small fluctuations. We also investigate high-temperature sphalerons in the presence of a finite baryon-number density, or equivalently a tachyonic Chern-Simons mass term. Such a term tends to reducemore » the sphaleron mass and increase the Boltzmann factor; the sphaleron never becomes tachyonic, no matter how large the expectation value of the Chern-Simons density.« less

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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