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Constraining the photon mass via Schumann resonances

تقييد كتلة الفوتون عبر رنين شومان
Authors: P. C. Malta; J. A. Helayël-Neto;

Constraining the photon mass via Schumann resonances

Abstract

Le photon est le paradigme d'une particule sans masse, et les tests expérimentaux actuels fixent des limites supérieures sévères à sa masse. Sonder une si petite masse, ou une longueur d'onde Compton équivalente, est difficile à l'échelle du laboratoire, mais les phénomènes planétaires ou astrophysiques peuvent potentiellement atteindre de bien meilleures sensibilités. Dans ce travail, nous considérons l'effet d'une masse finie de photons sur les résonances de Schumann dans la cavité Terre-ionosphère, puisque les modes magnétiques transverses circulant sur Terre ont des fréquences propres d'ordre $ \mathcal{O}(10\text{ }\ text {}\mathrm{Hz})$ qui pourraient être sensibles à ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\ gamma}}\ ensuremath {\approx}{10}^{\ ensuremath {-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ . En particulier, nous mettons à jour la limite de Kroll [Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 340 (1971)], ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\gamma}}\ ensuremath {\le}2.4\ ifmmode\times\else\ texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ ensuremath {-}13}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ , en considérant des profils de conductivité réalistes pour l'atmosphère. Nous trouvons la limite supérieure conservatrice ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\gamma}}\ ensuremath {\le}2.5\ ifmmode\times\else\ texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ ensuremath {-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$ , un facteur 9,6 plus strict que la projection précédente de Kroll.

El fotón es el paradigma de una partícula sin masa, y las pruebas experimentales actuales establecen límites superiores severos en su masa. Sondear una masa tan pequeña, o una longitud de onda de Compton equivalentemente grande, es un desafío a escala de laboratorio, pero los fenómenos planetarios o astrofísicos pueden potencialmente alcanzar sensibilidades mucho mejores. En este trabajo, consideramos el efecto de una masa de fotones finita en las resonancias de Schumann en la cavidad de la ionosfera terrestre, ya que los modos magnéticos transversales que circulan por la Tierra tienen frecuencias propias de orden $\mathcal{O}(10\text{ }\ text {}\mathrm{Hz})$ que podrían ser sensibles a ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\ gamma}}\ ensuremath {\approx} {10}^ {\ ensuremath {-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$. En particular, actualizamos el límite de Kroll [Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 340 (1971)], ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\gamma}}\ ensuremath {\le}2.4\ ifmmode\times\else\ texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ ensuremath {-}13}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$, considerando perfiles de conductividad realistas para la atmósfera. Encontramos el límite superior conservador ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\gamma}}\ ensuremath {\le}2.5\ ifmmode\times\else\ texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ ensuremath {-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$, un factor 9.6 más estricto que la proyección anterior de Kroll.

The photon is the paradigm for a massless particle, and current experimental tests set severe upper bounds on its mass. Probing such a small mass, or equivalently large Compton wavelength, is challenging at laboratory scales, but planetary or astrophysical phenomena may potentially reach much better sensitivities. In this work, we consider the effect of a finite photon mass on Schumann resonances in the Earth-ionosphere cavity, since the transverse magnetic modes circulating Earth have eigenfrequencies of order $\mathcal{O}(10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz})$ that could be sensitive to ${m}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$. In particular, we update the limit from Kroll [Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 340 (1971)], ${m}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\le}2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$, by considering realistic conductivity profiles for the atmosphere. We find the conservative upper bound ${m}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\le}2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{eV}/\mathrm{c}}^{2}$, a factor 9.6 more strict than Kroll's earlier projection.

الفوتون هو النموذج لجسيم عديم الكتلة، وتضع الاختبارات التجريبية الحالية حدودًا عليا شديدة على كتلته. إن التحقق من مثل هذه الكتلة الصغيرة، أو طول موجة كومبتون الكبير بشكل مكافئ، يمثل تحديًا على المستويات المختبرية، ولكن من المحتمل أن تصل الظواهر الكوكبية أو الفيزيائية الفلكية إلى حساسيات أفضل بكثير. في هذا العمل، نأخذ في الاعتبار تأثير كتلة الفوتون المحدودة على رنين شومان في تجويف الأرض والأيونوسفير، نظرًا لأن الأوضاع المغناطيسية المستعرضة التي تدور حول الأرض لها ترددات ذاتية بالترتيب $\ mathcal{O}(10\text {}\ mathrm {Hz })$ والتي يمكن أن تكون حساسة لـ ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\ gamma}}\ ensuremath {\ approx }{ 10 }^{\ ensuremath {-} 14}\text {} {\ mathrm{eV }/\ mathrm{c }}^{ 2 }$. على وجه الخصوص، نقوم بتحديث الحد من Kroll [Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 340 (1971)], ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\gamma}}\ ensuremath {\le}2.4\ ifmmode\ times\ else\ texttimes\fi {}{10 }^{\ ensuremath {-} 13}\text {}\ text {}{\ mathrm{eV }/\ mathrm{c }}^{ 2 }$، من خلال النظر في ملامح الموصلية الواقعية للغلاف الجوي. نجد الحد الأعلى المحافظ ${m}_{\ ensuremath {\ gamma}}\ ensuremath {\ le}2.5\ ifmmode\ times\else\ texttimes\fi {}{10 }^{\ ensuremath {-} 14}\text {}\text {} {\ mathrm{eV }/\ mathrm{c }}^{ 2 }$، وهو عامل 9.6 أكثر صرامة من توقعات كرول السابقة.

Keywords

Economics, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum mechanics, Massless particle, Atomic physics, Physics - Geophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Innovative Methods in Physics Education, Cavity Optomechanics and Nanomechanical Systems, Ionosphere, Photon Blockade, Order (exchange), Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Casimir Effect Research, Photon, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Geophysics (physics.geo-ph), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics and Astronomy, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Physical Sciences, Schumann resonances, Finance

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
5
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
Green
hybrid