We study the properties of transition-metal surfaces, with particular emphasis on Ni. Using the renormalized-atom approach, it is argued that the $d$-state excitations are narrowed at the surface and the $d$-hole count is reduced. The magnetic coupling of the surface layer to bulk is investigated in detail. Spin-dependent surface resonances of the Friedel type can exist and in the magnetic metals, can cause antiferromagnetic coupling of the surface moment to bulk. Model calculations are presented in an attempt to describe Ni.