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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
https://doi.org/10.1103/physre...
Article . 1995 . Peer-reviewed
License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
Data sources: Crossref
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Peltier effect in normal-metal–superconductor microcontacts

Authors: , Bardas; , Averin;

Peltier effect in normal-metal–superconductor microcontacts

Abstract

We have calculated the heat current in the normal-metal--insulator--superconductor contacts with arbitrary transparency of the insulator barrier. In the tunneling limit (small transparencies), the heat flow out of the normal metal reaches its maximum at temperature T\ensuremath{\simeq}0.3\ensuremath{\Delta}. At higher values of transparency, the interplay between single-particle tunneling and Andreev reflection determines optimum transparency which maximizes the density of heat flow out of the normal metal. In clean contacts, the optimum transparency is about 0.1 at T=0.3\ensuremath{\Delta} and decreases with temperature roughly as (T/\ensuremath{\Delta}${)}^{3/2}$. In disordered contacts, disorder enhances Andreev reflection and shifts the optimum point towards smaller transparencies. The optimal ratio of the barrier resistance to the resistance of the normal electrode is ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{N}}$/${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{T}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}0.01 at T=0.3\ensuremath{\Delta} and decreases with temperature similarly to clean contacts. For disordered contacts we also plot current-voltage characteristics for arbitrary values of the ratio ${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{N}}$/${\mathit{R}}_{\mathit{T}}$.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
82
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Top 10%
Top 10%
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