
pmid: 10003768
A formula for calculating the interband matrix elements of X for a Bloch electron in a uniform electric field is derived, from which it is found that the interband matrix elements of X are only determined by the interband matrix elements of the derivative of the periodic potential. Using this formula with a Kronig-Penney potential leads to nonvanishing interband matrix elements of X in a general setting, which implies that the exact Stark-ladder structure cannot exist in solids.
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