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Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock

Authors: Roenneberg, T.; Merrow, M.;

Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock

Abstract

Humans are an excellent model system for studying entrainment of the circadian clock in the real world. Unlike the situation in laboratory experiments, entrainment under natural conditions is achieved by different external signals as well as by internal signals generated by multiple feedbacks within the system (e.g., behavior-dependent light and temperature changes, melatonin levels, or regular nutrient intake). Signals that by themselves would not be sufficient zeitgebers may contribute to entrainment in conjunction with other self-sufficient zeitgeber signals (e.g., light). The investigation of these complex zeitgeber interactions seems to be problematic in most model systems and strengthens the human system for circadian research. Here, we review our endeavors measuring human entrainment in real life, predominantly with the help of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ). The large number of participants in our current MCTQ database allows accurate quantification of the human phase of entrainment (chronotype) and how it depends on age or sex. We also present new data showing how chronotype depends on natural light exposure. The results indicate the importance of zeitgeber strength on human entrainment and help in understanding the differences in chronotype, e.g., between urban and rural regions.

Country
Netherlands
Keywords

Adult, Male, BRIGHT LIGHT, Adolescent, Databases, Factual, Photoperiod, Models, Biological, NONPHOTIC ENTRAINMENT, AGE, Surveys and Questionnaires, PACEMAKER, Humans, Child, WAKE CYCLE, Aged, Chronobiology Phenomena, EXTREME DIURNAL PREFERENCE, Middle Aged, POLYMORPHISM, RHYTHMS, Circadian Rhythm, Sunlight, Female, SLEEP PHASE SYNDROME, Sleep, SYSTEM

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    235
    popularity
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    Top 1%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
235
Top 1%
Top 1%
Top 10%
gold