
Nodal signals belong to the TGF-beta superfamily and are essential for the induction of mesoderm and endoderm and the determination of the left-right axis. Nodal signals can act as morphogens-they have concentration-dependent effects and can act at a distance from their source of production. Nodal and its feedback inhibitor Lefty form an activator/inhibitor pair that behaves similarly to postulated reaction-diffusion models of tissue patterning. Nodal morphogen activity is also regulated by microRNAs, convertases, TGF-beta signals, coreceptors, and trafficking factors. This article describes how Nodal morphogens pattern embryonic fields and discusses how Nodal morphogen signaling is modulated.
Nodal Protein, Left-Right Determination Factors, Endoderm, Models, Biological, Diffusion, Mesoderm, Kinetics, MicroRNAs, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Morphogenesis, Animals, Humans, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Body Patterning, Signal Transduction
Nodal Protein, Left-Right Determination Factors, Endoderm, Models, Biological, Diffusion, Mesoderm, Kinetics, MicroRNAs, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Morphogenesis, Animals, Humans, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Body Patterning, Signal Transduction
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