
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Chromatin organization is central to precise control of gene expression. In various eukaryotic spieces, domains of pervasive cis -chromatin interactions demarcate functional domains of the genomes. In nematode C. elegans , however, pervasive chromatin contact domains are limited to the dosage-compensated sex chromosome, leaving the principle of C. elegans chromatin organization unclear. Transcription Factor III C (TFIIIC) is a basal transcription factor complex for RNA Polymerase III, and is implicated in chromatin organization. TFIIIC binding without RNA Polymerase III co-occupancy, referred to as extra-TFIIIC binding, has been implicated in insulating active and inactive chromatin domains in yeasts, flies, and mammalian cells. Whether extra-TFIIIC sites are present and contribute to chromatin organization in C. elegans remains unknown. RESULTS We identified 504 TFIIIC-bound sites absent of RNA Polymerase III and TATA-binding protein co-occupancy characteristic of extra-TFIIIC sites in C. elegans embryos. Extra-TFIIIC sites constituted half of all identified TFIIIC binding sites in the genome. Extra-TFIIIC sites formed dense clusters in cis . The clusters of extra-TFIIIC sites were highly over-represented within the distal arm domains of the autosomes that presented a high level of heterochromatin-associated histone H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Furthermore, extra-TFIIIC clusters were embedded in the lamina-associated domains. Despite the heterochromatin environment of extra-TFIIIC sites, the individual clusters of extra-TFIIIC sites were devoid of and resided near the individual H3K9me3-marked regions. CONCLUSION Clusters of extra-TFIIIC sites were pervasive in the arm domains of C. elegans autosomes, near the outer boundaries of H3K9me3-marked regions. Given the reported activity of extra-TFIIIC sites in heterochromatin insulation in yeasts, our observation raised the possibility that TFIIIC may also demarcate heterochromatin in C. elegans .
RNA polymerase III, Binding Sites, Nuclear Lamina, Research, QH426-470, Chromosome, Chromatin, Transcription factor III C (TFIIIC), Histones, Caenorhabditis elegans, Transcription Factors, TFIII, Heterochromatin, Genetics, Transcription Factor TFIIIC, Animals, Insulator, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Protein Binding
RNA polymerase III, Binding Sites, Nuclear Lamina, Research, QH426-470, Chromosome, Chromatin, Transcription factor III C (TFIIIC), Histones, Caenorhabditis elegans, Transcription Factors, TFIII, Heterochromatin, Genetics, Transcription Factor TFIIIC, Animals, Insulator, Caenorhabditis elegans, Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins, Protein Binding
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