The superconducting pairing of electrons in doped graphene owing to in-plane and out-of-plane phonons is considered. It is shown that the structure of the order parameter in the valley space substantially affects conditions of the pairing. Electron–hole pairing in a graphene bilayer in the strong coupling regime is also considered. Taking into account retardation of the screened Coulomb pairing potential shows a significant competition between the electron–hole direct attraction and their repulsion owing to virtual plasmons and single-particle excitations.