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Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
Data sources: Crossref
UQ eSpace
Article . 2014
Data sources: UQ eSpace
UQ eSpace
Article . 2014
Data sources: UQ eSpace
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Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes

Authors: Gilbert, C.; Meik, J. M.; Dashevsky, D.; Card, D. C.; Castoe, T. A.; Schaack, S.;

Endogenous hepadnaviruses, bornaviruses and circoviruses in snakes

Abstract

We report the discovery of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) from Hepadnaviridae, Bornaviridae and Circoviridae in the speckled rattlesnake, Crotalus mitchellii , the first viperid snake for which a draft whole genome sequence assembly is available. Analysis of the draft assembly reveals genome fragments from the three virus families were inserted into the genome of this snake over the past 50 Myr. Cross-species PCR screening of orthologous loci and computational scanning of the python and king cobra genomes reveals that circoviruses integrated most recently (within the last approx. 10 Myr), whereas bornaviruses and hepadnaviruses integrated at least approximately 13 and approximately 50 Ma, respectively. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of circo-, borna- and hepadnaviruses in snakes and the first characterization of non-retroviral EVEs in non-avian reptiles. Our study provides a window into the historical dynamics of viruses in these host lineages and shows that their evolution involved multiple host-switches between mammals and reptiles.

Countries
Australia, France, Kenya
Keywords

rattlesnake, Identification, 572, Genes, Viral, Molecular Sequence Data, Mammalian Genomes, Hepadnaviridae, Viral Evolution, Evolution, Molecular, circovirus, paleovirology, Retroviruses, Animals, Amino Acid Sequence, hepadnavirus, Rna Viruses, Phylogeny, bornavirus, Circoviridae, Genome, Reveals, Crotalus, snakes, Biological Evolution, Stranded-Dna Viruses, Ancient Origin, Divergence Times, Bornaviridae, Female, endogenous viral elements, Hepatitis-B-Virus

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
81
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green
bronze