Abstract The impact fracture created in the elastic-plastic response régime has been characterized in terms of its surface extension and penetration. A numerical dynamic analysis has been performed of a typical impact within this régime to indicate some of the principal characteristics of the contact behaviour and the stress field. The damage has then been analysed, by using simplified postulates based on key features of the impact dynamics and basic fracture mechanics concepts. This has enabled the primary material and target parameters affecting the impact fracture to be identified. Thereafter, some implications for strength degradation and erosion have been discussed.