The present review presents novel infections and better evidence on current practices related to fever in children.Studies using more accurate diagnostic methods have provided evidence for prevalence of certain diseases, their clinical presentation and anticipated complications. Answers to certain clinical dilemmas related to febrile children in a pediatric office practice have been addressed recently. Some studies have explored current issues like immunization of pregnant women with influenza vaccine and the outbreak investigation of the swine H1N1 influenza.Fever still remains the most common reason for visits to the pediatrician or emergency room. Better diagnostic methods; appropriate therapeutic or preventive strategies; and continued surveillance for novel infections have improved outcomes from both an individual and public health perspective.