Eosinophilic esophagitis is a disorder increasing in frequency that typically causes symptoms similar to those seen with gastroesophageal reflux, and is characterized by increased eosinophils isolated to the esophagus despite the use of antireflux medications. We present a review of the literature including basic science research, prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of eosinophilic esophagitis.Over the past few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of publications relating to eosinophilic esophagitis in terms of case reports, cohorts of patients, familial occurrences, pathogenesis, and treatment options. Recent work confirms the role of food allergy in many patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Several medications, including corticosteroids [topical (swallowed) or systemic], leukotriene receptor antagonists and, most recently, biologic molecules (such as anti-IL5), have been utilized. Although eosinophilic esophagitis is treatable, it is thought to be a chronic illness that requires dietary restriction or chronic medical therapy.Eosinophilic esophagitis is being diagnosed in both children and adults with increasing frequency. Allergists, gastroenterologists, pathologists, internists, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists must not only be educated to be able to properly identify patients with eosinophilic esophagitis but also be informed about the current treatment and management of these patients.