© 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Malignant pleural effusion is a common clinical problem with an increasing incidence that may be seen to complicate the management of almost all forms of cancer. It is associated with a very poor median survival leading to a palliative management approach. Several methods are available in the management of malignant pleural effusion including simple pleural aspiration, talc pleurodesis, or indwelling pleural catheters. Patient selection, however, remains difficult. The role for each management option, their indications, predictors of success, and factors influencing patient selection are all crucial considerations and are discussed here, as are the health economic impacts and future directions.