MORAL DILEMMAS AND ETHICAL INJURY: Moral dilemmas in nursing Ethical codes: Uses and limitations The fundamental question of morality ethical inquiry Ethical autonomy and institutional-hierarchical constraints: UNAVOIDABLE TOPICS IN ETHICAL THEORY: Introduction Basic ethical principles knowledge in ethics Ethics, law, and religion NURSES AND CLIENTS: Introduction Parentalism Deception Confidentiality Personal risks and professional obligations Conflicting claims RECURRING ETHICAL ISSUES IN NURSE-PHYSICIAN RELATIONSHIPS: Conflicts between nurse and physician Nurse autonomy Collaborations Integrity-preserving compromise Conscientious refusal Determining responsibility ETHICAL DILEMMAS AMONG NURSES: Tensions between nurses Respect for persons Professional obligations Administrative dilemmas PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR INSTITUTIONAL AND PUBLIC POLICY: The scope of individual responsibility Institutional policies and strikes Institutional ethics committees Blowing the whistle Public policy: Advance directives Putting it all together COST CONTAINMENT, JUSTICE, AND RATIONING: Introduction Cost containment and the claims of justice Access to care The concept of rationing The oregon proposal Toward ethical rationing Rationing and the importance of nursing care The expanded scope of nursing ethics.