Studies of combination therapy [with agents such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate] have shown some improvements in response rate; however, no obvious survival advantage over monotherapy in the treatment of patients with metastatic or advanced locoregional cancer of the head and neck have been observed. In the neoadjuvant setting, chemotherapy is helpful in preserving the larynx and hypopharynx but has no proven impact (positive or negative) on survival. New treatment options are needed to improve survival in head and neck cancer. Among the new options for chemotherapy in metastatic/recurrent disease is docetaxel. With monotherapy, response rates of 23-42% are seen, and, when used in combination with cisplatin and 5-FU, response rates of 52-100% have been reported in phase I/II trials. A phase III trial of the addition of docetaxel to standard neoadjuvant therapy with cisplatin and 5-FU is now underway.