This chapter begins by defining what “creativity” signifies, discussing both two- and three-criterion definitions and distinguishing between “little-c” and “Big-C” creativity. The article then turns to the main measurement approaches; namely, those that focus on the creative process, the creative person, and the creative product. Next follows an overview of some key empirical findings, especially concerning developmental adversity and psychopathology. This overview leads to a treatment of three major theoretical questions: the nature-versus-nurture issue, little-c versus Big-C creativity, and domain-specific versus generic processes. The following section concerns practical applications in both early development and adulthood encouragement. The article closes with a discussion of future directions in creativity research and practice.