This chapter explores some of the innovative approaches to the doctrines of sin and reconciliation found in the Christian theology of the nineteenth century. These accounts tended to emerge in Western Christianity, and specifically in Protestant Germany. The chapter opens with a concise rehearsal of a broadly traditional account of sin and reconciliation in the Christian tradition, and an outline of the principal streams of criticism this traditional account encountered in the Enlightenment period. It then considers in turn the constructive interaction with these core doctrinal themes of a series of significant writers: Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Schleiermacher, G. W. F. Hegel, Albrecht Ritschl, and Wilhelm Herrmann. It concludes by reflecting upon the key insights which this trajectory of creative thinking has contributed to the enterprise of Christian theology.