Abstract This chapter describes how social injustice adversely affects the health of older people and provides a variety of examples. It analyzes the roots and underlying causes of this social injustice, including poverty and inequalities associated with differences in socioeconomic status over the life course, the biomedicalization of aging, and globalization. The chapter asserts that rights for older people must be defined as basic human rights and that social justice for older people must begin with the assertion of the human right to health. The chapter concludes with a discussion of what needs to be done to address social injustice against older people, including reducing disparities in retirement income, quality of medical care, and community integration. It also addresses the importance of raising political awareness about social injustice against older people, including improving policymakers’ understanding about their health status, healthcare, and financial burdens.