Conflicts often emerge during resource and environmental management, but can be positive as well as negative. Positive aspects occur when conflict helps to identify ineffective processes, highlights poorly developed ideas or inadequate information, and reveals misunderstandings. In contrast, conflict can be negative if it is ignored or consciously set aside and leads to misunderstanding and mistrust. This chapter turns first to the nature of disputes, with particular attention to the concept of intractability, as well as how to frame disputes. Four different ways of dealing with disputes are reviewed, with special attention to conditions or factors necessary or desirable for effective use of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Case studies consider limits for selenium in Colorado, and experiences of women mining activists in Peru and Ecuador. The guest statement by Jeroen Warner analyzes experience with multistakeholder dispute resolution processes for water in the Netherlands.