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Nucleic Acids Research
Article . 2013 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
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Nucleic Acids Research
Article
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: UnpayWall
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PubMed Central
Article . 2013
License: CC BY NC
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Epigenetic diversity of Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus

Authors: Darst, Russell P.; Haecker, Irina; Pardo, Carolina E.; Renne, Rolf; Kladde, Michael P.;

Epigenetic diversity of Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus

Abstract

Spontaneous lytic reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) occurs at a low rate in latently infected cells in disease and culture. This suggests imperfect epigenetic maintenance of viral transcription programs, perhaps due to variability in chromatin structure at specific loci across the population of KSHV episomal genomes. To characterize this locus-specific chromatin structural diversity, we used MAPit single-molecule footprinting, which simultaneously maps endogenous CG methylation and accessibility to M.CviPI at GC sites. Diverse chromatin structures were detected at the LANA, RTA and vIL6 promoters. At each locus, chromatin ranged from fully closed to fully open across the population. This diversity has not previously been reported in a virus. Phorbol ester and RTA transgene induction were used to identify chromatin conformations associated with reactivation of lytic transcription, which only a fraction of episomes had. Moreover, certain chromatin conformations correlated with CG methylation patterns at the RTA and vIL6 promoters. This indicated that some of the diverse chromatin conformations at these loci were epigenetically distinct. Finally, by comparing chromatin structures from a cell line infected with constitutively latent virus, we identified products of lytic replication. Our findings show that epigenetic drift can restrict viral propagation by chromatin compaction at latent and lytic promoters.

Keywords

Gene Expression Regulation, Viral, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Gene Regulation, Chromatin and Epigenetics, DNA Methylation, Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly, Chromatin, Epigenesis, Genetic, Immediate-Early Proteins, Virus Latency, Genetic Loci, Cell Line, Tumor, Herpesvirus 8, Human, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Trans-Activators, Humans, CpG Islands, Promoter Regions, Genetic

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    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
33
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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gold