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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY
Data sources: Crossref
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2025
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Efficient and inefficient hydrodynamic escape of exo-satellite atmospheres driven by irradiation from their young giant planets

Authors: Matthäus Schulik; James E Owen; Richard A Booth; Shun Fai Ling; Shun Ping Wong;

Efficient and inefficient hydrodynamic escape of exo-satellite atmospheres driven by irradiation from their young giant planets

Abstract

ABSTRACT The bolometric radiation from a central body is potentially a powerful driver of atmospheric escape from planets or satellites. When heated above their equilibrium temperatures those satellites, due to their low surface gravity, are be prone to significant atmospheric erosion. Such high temperatures can be reached through a known mechanism: a large ratio of the irradiation to re-radiation opacities of the atmospheric species. We investigate this mechanism for irradiating black-bodies of sub-stellar temperatures and find that specific molecules exist, such as $\rm NH_3$ and $\rm CH_4$, which develop temperature inversions under the irradiation of young post-formation giant planets. These non-isothermal temperature profiles lead to escape rates that can significantly exceed isothermal Parker-model escape rates evaluated at the satellite’s equilibrium temperature. Our results indicate that exo-satellites can lose most of their atmospheric mass through this mechanism if the cooling of the exo-satellite’s interior is not too rapid. In all scenarios, we find a hierarchical ordering of escape rates of atmospheric species due to thermal decoupling in the upper atmosphere. This thermal decoupling leads to a natural depletion of $\rm CH_4$ and retention of $\rm NH_3$ in our models. We find that giant planets with masses above 2$m_{\rm Jup}$, for cold starts and above 1$m_{\rm Jup}$ in hot start scenarios are able to remove the majority of a Titan analogue’s atmosphere. Hence, finding and characterizing exomoon atmospheres in hypothetical future surveys can constrain the post-formation cooling behaviour of giant planets.

Country
United Kingdom
Keywords

planets and satellites: atmospheres, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), hydrodynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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gold