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Journal of Logic and Computation
Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
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https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/ar...
Article . 2017
License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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DBLP
Article . 2018
Data sources: DBLP
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Backward induction in presence of cycles

Authors: Vladimir Gurvich;

Backward induction in presence of cycles

Abstract

For the classical backward induction algorithm, the input is an arbitrary $n$-person positional game with perfect information modeled by a finite acyclic directed graph (digraph) and the output is a profile $(x_1, \ldots, x_n)$ of pure positional strategies that form some special subgame perfect Nash equilibrium. We extend this algorithm to work with digraphs that may have directed cycles. Each digraph admits a unique partition into strongly connected components, which will be treated as the outcomes of the game. Such a game will be called a {\em deterministic graphical multistage}(DGMS) game. If we identify the outcomes corresponding to all strongly connected components, except terminal positions, we obtain the so-called {\em deterministic graphical}(DG) games, which are frequent in the literature. The outcomes of a DG game are all terminal positions and one special outcome $c$ that is assigned to all infinite plays. We modify the backward induction procedure to adapt it for the DGMS games. However, by doing so, we lose two important properties: the modified algorithm always outputs a {\em Nash equilibrium} (NE) only when $n = 2$ and, even in this case, this NE may be not {\em subgame perfect}. (Yet, in the zero-sum case it is.) The lack of these two properties is not a fault of the algorithm, just (subgame perfect) Nash equilibria in pure positional strategies may fail to exist in the considered game. {\bf Keywords:} deterministic graphical (multistage) game, game in normal and in positional form, saddle point, Nash equilibrium, Nash-solvability, game form, positional structure, directed graph, digraph, directed cycle, acyclic digraph.

8 pages

Keywords

91A05, 91A06, 91A18, 91A24, FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
3
Average
Average
Average
Green
hybrid