Abstract This chapter discusses the importance of environmental plans as an instrument of environmental law and policy across jurisdictions. It first explains the concept of environmental plan, how environmental plans evolved in different jurisdictions, and the theory of environmental plans before considering the contents of national environmental plans. Using the examples of China, Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union, the chapter examines the emergence and consolidation of national environmental plans, their underlying rationales, the processes through which they are formulated, and the areas most frequently addressed by them. It also shows how national environmental plans are implemented in those jurisdictions, along with their legal effects.