Abstract This chapter covers genocide. It first examines the phenomenon of genocide, particularly in the context of the Holocaust, the history and structure of the crime, and how the criminalisation of genocide seeks to protect certain groups' right to exist. The chapter then explores the material and mental elements of the crime, before discussing the incitement to commit genocide. Here, the structure of the crime of genocide is explored, alongside its material and mental elements. To conclude, the chapter explores the multiplicity of offences in genocide. Typically, numerous acts are involved in carrying out the crime of genocide, each of which in itself fulfils the requirements for genocide. As such, it is necessary to decide whether these individual acts should be seen as legally separate crimes or as one single crime.