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Comparative Toxicity of Seven Insecticides to Immature Stages of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Two of Its Important Biological Control Agents, Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Authors: J G, Scott; C J, Geden; D A, Rutz; N N, Liu;

Comparative Toxicity of Seven Insecticides to Immature Stages of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Two of Its Important Biological Control Agents, Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

Abstract

The toxicity of seven insecticides was evaluated against unparasitized Musca domestica L. pupae and pupae parasitized by Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders or Spalangia cameroni Perkins, two important biological control agents. Only pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide (Pyrenone) was less toxic to M. raptor compared with house flies. Conversely, all of the insecticides except crotoxyphos were less toxic to S. cameroni compared with house flies. A plateau in the tetrachlorvinphos bioassay line for S. cameroni suggested that this colony had approximately 45% resistant individuals. The selectivity observed between immature stages of house flies and M. raptor or S. cameroni is different from that reported against adult stages of these same species, suggesting that selectivity of an insecticide varies considerably between different life stages.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Insecticides, Houseflies, Pupa, Animals, Pest Control, Biological, Hymenoptera

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
13
Average
Top 10%
Average
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