Abstract This article consists of the study and investigative analysis of the effects of burns by radiation in humans. Cases of nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl (ionizing radiation) and the effects of nonionizing radiation, such as infrared and microwave radiation are detailed here. It is examined cases of injuries and burns by ionizing radiation due to irradiation (diagnostic equipment and medical treatment: x-rays, radiotherapy) or contamination (nuclear accidents, wars). Injuries and burns are also caused by nonionizing radiation, such as visible light (laser), ultraviolet, and radiofrequency. Ionizing radiation, including x-rays, gamma rays, and high-energy ultraviolet rays, can cause significant biological damage to tissues, primarily targeting DNA. This damage can result in mutations within the genetic code and may lead to the development of cancer. In addition, damage to other tissues and organs can occur, as well as burns, erythema, and lesions. The biological effects of nonionizing radiation are currently under investigation. Burns, erythema, and lesions can also occur due to the following types of radiation: low-energy ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radiofrequency, and electromagnetic fields. The purpose of this article is to provide an exhaustive analysis of all types of both ionizing and nonionizing radiation and their effects on living beings. Finally, it is important to follow all safety and radiation protection measures against both ionizing and nonionizing radiation.