Abstract Wound infection is a serious complication in burn injury, which is a common form of trauma and an important public health issue. We investigated samples from burn and nonburn wounds for microbial characteristics and temporal trends of antibiotic resistance. Wound samples were collected from 369 burned patients and 927 non-burned individuals admitted from 2007 to 2017. Higher frequency of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in samples from burned individuals when compared to those from non-burned. The prevalence of different groups of bacteria varied when the samples were stratified according to age and sex. The antimicrobial resistance profiles showed a significant difference between burned and non-burned patients. The different temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance rates were also found, which may be critical for the proper selection of antibiotics in burn treatment. The present study suggested that frequent pathogens and antibacterial resistance evolution could differ between burn wounds and other wounds. Therefore, periodic surveillance of antibiotic resistance patterns in the burn unit might help physicians properly select antibiotics for treatment.