The tripartite motif (TRIM) or RBCC proteins are characterized by the TRIM composed of a RING finger, B-box and coiled-coil domains. TRIM proteins often play roles in the post-translational protein modification, including ubiquitylation and other ubiquitin-like modifications. Evidence has accumulated in regard to the contribution of TRIM proteins to diverse cellular processes, including such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis, immunity and transcriptional regulation. In particular, some of the TRIM proteins have been characterized to exert oncogenic or tumour suppressor-like functions depending on the context. A recent report by Inoue and his colleagues has revealed that Terf/TRIM17 stimulates the degradation of a kinetochore protein ZWINT and regulates the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Terf has also been paid attention as a factor promoting neuronal apoptosis, by degrading a Bcl2-like anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1. Like aircraft trim tabs, TRIM proteins trim the balance of homoeostasis by modulating various biological pathways through protein-protein interactions.