The first significant development in antibiotic susceptibility testing in recent years may be the flow cytofluorometric susceptibility test (FCST). The advanced analytical capability of the flow cytometer has provided the means to measure microbial diversity in culture. Membrane integrity and other indicators of microbial viability can be evaluated on a cell-by-cell basis. The FCST measures subtle dosage-response effects as well as the conventional minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations, simultaneously, in rapid tests which have the potential to supersede conventional techniques in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility.