It has been suggested recently that, in some quarters, IVF be offered as first-line therapy to all infertile couples, regardless of the type of infertility. Hence, the time was thought right to scrutinise the results and complications of ovulation induction for anovulatory infertile couples. In addition to examining the outcome of conventional treatment with gonadotrophins and clomiphene citrate, special attention has been paid to the suggested improvement of results by taking into account the influence of obesity and the use of a low-dose gonadotrophin protocol. The possible contribution of more recent additions to the armamentarium such as insulin sensitizers and aromatase inhibitors, although still at an infant stage, are promising. Attention has been given to the prevention and treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The use of intra-uterine insemination (IUI) as an adjuvant to induction of ovulation and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) is examined. The very firm conclusion has been reached that, taking into account efficiency, complication rate and cost of treatment, at this stage, women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism or polycystic ovary syndrome should be offered accepted methods of ovulation induction and that couples with 'unexplained' or 'multifactorial subfertility' should still be exposed to COH with IUI and only after the failure of these therapies, be offered IVF.