Abstract The Arp2/3 complex is an essential component of the actin cytoskeleton in yeast and is required for the movement of actin patches. In an attempt to identify proteins that interact with this complex in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we sought high-copy suppressors of the S. pombe arp3-c1 mutant, and have identified one, which we have termed asp1+. The asp1+ open reading frame (ORF) predicts a highly conserved protein of 921 amino acids with a molecular mass of 106 kD that does not contain motifs of known function. Neither asp1+ nor its apparent Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog, VIP1, are essential genes. However, disruption of asp1+ leads to altered morphology and growth properties at elevated temperatures and defects in polarized growth. The asp1 disruption strain also is hypersensitive to Ca+ ions and to low pH conditions. Although Asp1p is not stably associated with the Arp2/3 complex nor localized in any discrete structure within the cytoplasm, the asp1 disruption mutant was synthetically lethal with mutations in components of the Arp2/3 complex, arp3-c1 and sop2-1, as well as with a mutation in actin, act1-48. Moreover, the vip1 disruption strain showed a negative genetic interaction with a las17Δ strain. We conclude that Asp1p/Vip1p is important for the function of the cortical actin cytoskeleton.