Abstract Lichen nitidus (LN) is a rare inflammatory skin condition characterized by small, shiny, flat-topped papules, commonly affecting children and young adults. Its aetiology remains unclear, although immune-mediated pathways are suspected. LN is often asymptomatic, with papules primarily on the trunk, upper limbs and genitalia. Diagnosis relies on characteristic histopathology, notably a ‘claw clutching a ball’ pattern. Although it often resolves spontaneously, LN may present persistently, sometimes requiring topical treatment. This review highlights the clinical, histological and dermoscopic features of LN, discusses variants and associated systemic conditions, and offers guidance for dermatologists in managing this distinct dermatosis.