Abstract Background Tenogenesis and tendon homeostasis are guided by genes encoding for the structural molecules of tendon fibres. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), acting on gene regulation, can therefore participate in the process of tendon healing. Sources of data A systematic search of different databases to October 2020 identified 17 suitable studies. Areas of agreement SiRNAs can be useful to study reparative processes of tendons and identify possible therapeutic targets in tendon healing. Areas of controversy Many genes and growth factors involved in the processes of tendinopathy and tendon healing can be regulated by siRNAs. It is however unclear which gene silencing determines the expected effect. Growing points Gene dysregulation of growth factors and tendon structural proteins can be influenced by siRNA. Areas timely for developing research It is not clear whether there is a direct action of the siRNAs that can be used to facilitate the repair processes of tendons.