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Briefings in Bioinformatics
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
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PubMed Central
Article . 2025
License: CC BY NC
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Article . 2025
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Impact of intrinsically disordered regions and functional disorder hotspots in the human kinome

Authors: Sonet Daniel Thomas; Aparna Rajan; Althaf Mahin; Mukthar Ahmed; S. Pavithra; U. Vignesh; Naveen Joy; +10 Authors

Impact of intrinsically disordered regions and functional disorder hotspots in the human kinome

Abstract

Abstract A ubiquitous and reversible phosphorylation is important for molecular signaling cascades, regulated by the transient interaction of protein kinases. The coupled folding and phosphorylation determining substrate specificity re-calibrates the interactive environment of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). There are over 50 computational methods for predicting IDRs in the proteome, yet achieving an accurate depiction remains an ongoing challenge. In this study, we present a standardized and kinase-centric approach for IDR prediction within the human kinome, employing a long short-term memory deep learning framework that achieves a high predictive performance (AUC = 0.97). The web server is now publicly accessible at: https://ciods.in/kindisorder. Our workflow begins with proteome-wide IDR prediction and proceeds with the categorization of short and long IDR segments, followed by an in-depth analysis of their distribution relative to the kinase domain regulatory core. We evaluated the conservation of these IDRs across all 137 human kinase families, computing a trend-setting conservation index to identify both conserved and variable disorder patterns. Through this framework, we uncovered 1039 functional disorder region hotspots that correlate with dynamic conformational shifts, phosphorylation sites, functional motif enrichment, and mutation impact embedded within IDRs. To further validate their regulatory significance, we conducted biophysical profiling of conserved and variable IDRs. Finally, we developed a structural integrity framework to link these IDRs to their influence on intrinsic signaling cascades and substrate specificity. This study offers a comprehensive functional characterization of IDRs in the human kinome, providing a valuable resource for exploring kinase regulation and opportunities in drug repurposing.

Keywords

Intrinsically Disordered Proteins, Deep Learning, Proteome, Problem Solving Protocol, Humans, Computational Biology, Phosphorylation, Protein Kinases

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    popularity
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    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Top 10%
Average
Average
Green
hybrid