Anticoagulation therapy has been identified as an area in which new approaches to treatment and monitoring may allow for significant improvements in healthcare quality and costs. We evaluated the potential benefits of a new approach to anticoagulation therapy, utilizing decision support software, point-of-service testing, and workflow redesign. We performed an intervention study in the setting of a university-affiliated primary care clinic, involving 40 patients receiving chronic anticoagulation therapy. Study measurement included anticoagulation control, complications of therapy and related costs, as well as clinic revenue and overhead costs. After implementation of the new approach, the frequency of international normalized ratio (INR) results within therapeutic range increased from 34% to 67%. During a 1-year follow-up period, complications related to anticoagulation therapy were reduced by 91% (p < 0.01). Labor-related overhead costs decreased from approximately 12,600 to 3,100 US dollars. During the same period, the clinic generated approximately 35,000 US dollars in new revenue. For every dollar spent on clinic implementation and maintenance, over 25 US dollars was returned from cost containment and new revenue production. This approach allows a clinic to show improved anticoagulation control and complication rates while simultaneously improving financial performance.