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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Physics Educationarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Physics Education
Article . 2025 . Peer-reviewed
License: IOP Copyright Policies
Data sources: Crossref
Physics Education
Article . 2025
License: CC BY NC ND
Data sources: Ciência-UCP
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Forced convection and the coffee cup

Authors: João Paulo M Ferreira;

Forced convection and the coffee cup

Abstract

Abstract Different heat transfer mechanisms are often presented to students only in an expositive way, lacking experimental demonstrations. Using the common situation of the cooling of a coffee cup, a series of practical activities are here proposed that require simple, accessible, and inexpensive equipment. Emphasis is placed on the effect of forced convection, vs free convection. The implications of these in relation to other heat transfer mechanisms, specifically radiation and evaporation, are studied. Quantitative analyses are possible, enabling to estimate values of heat transfer coefficients. These are compared with predictive correlations of dimensionless numbers, arriving at very good agreements.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Heat transfer mechanisms, Natural convection, Heat transfer coefficient, Forced convection, Newton's law of cooling

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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