Alchemy now holds an important place in the history of science. Its current status contrasts with its former exile as a "pseudoscience" or worse and results from several rehabilitative steps carried out by scholars who made closer, less programmatic, and more innovative studies of the documentary sources. Interestingly, alchemy's outcast status was created in the eighteenth century and perpetuated thereafter in part for strategic and polemical reasons-and not only on account of a lack of historical understanding. Alchemy's return to the fold of the history of science highlights important features about the development of science and our changing understanding of it.