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Rock Glaciers in Northern Spitsbergen

Authors: Keene Swett; Michael J. Hambrey; David B. Johnson;

Rock Glaciers in Northern Spitsbergen

Abstract

Talus cones in Spitsbergen are commonly modified in their lower part into lobate rock glaciers. Meteoric and melt waters apparently refreeze as interstitial ice in the lower portion of the talus cones during summer months when air temperatures fluctuate near 0°C. At a critical thickness of rock and ice, the mass flows outward as lobate rock glaciers which, in places, override raised beach ridges. Along straight scarps, lobate rock glaciers from closely juxtaposed talus cones coalesce into apron-like terraces 20-40 m high. These have been confused with raised beaches, lateral moraines, kame terraces and protalus ramparts. Several lines of evidence discredit these interpretations for the origin of the terraces. Ice filling of the interstices effectively occludes the permeability of the rock glaciers as indicated by ponding on the surface. Interstitial ice and active movement create a steeper angle of repose of 38°-40° on the advancing rock glacier front while the ice-free talus behind the rock glaciers stab...

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Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
21
Average
Top 10%
Average
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