This article discusses strategies for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developing countries where interventions may not be affordable available feasible or safe. It comments on a report which used a novel method to characterize the latent reservoir in the presence of ongoing viral replication which provided strong evidence that nevirapine-resistant HIV can persist in the latent reservoir of testing CD4+ T cells. It concludes that latent long-term persistence of nevirapine-resistant HIV strains indicate that future studies should focus on the long-term risk for virological failure during antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiated after treatment with single-dose nevirapine.