The Working Collective and the Community In Yugoslavia the workers in a given enterprise, which is called the "working collective," elect a "council of workers"; the council participates in the selection of the director of the enterprise, approves the plan of the enterprise, controls the hiring and firing of workers, and fixes wages. The workers share in the total earnings of the working collective, in what are called "funds for enterprise use." (These are funds which may be invested or paid out to members of the collective.) Yugoslavs put a great deal of emphasis on the social solidarity of the workers in their system, and they contrast this solidarity with the isolation of the worker in a capitalist economy. Everyone under capitalism, it is suggested, works only for himself. Everyone is alone. Capitalism, one economist told me in 1967 when I was in Yugoslavia, created a good factor of production but a poor man. In the Yugoslav enterprise, on the other hand, in the working collective, men are in partnership with one another. They work, presumably, for the group and not only for themselves. Implicit in the notion of the working collective is the idea of an equal, or not too unequal, distribution of its income. A distribution of income completely in accordance with individual productivity or performance and correspondingly unequal would run counter to the desired social solidarity. And in fact there has been a reluctance in Yugoslavia to pay high incomes to skilled workers and managers. Social solidarity is not to stop at the enterprise. The workers in any one collective are supposed to be concerned about workers in other collectives and concerned about the community at large. For one thing, the bankruptcy of a working collective is possible but has rarely occurred in practice. Enterprises experiencing difficulties have commonly received subsidies. Then, housing and communal services have been heavily sub-