In an effort to better understand the UV properties of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs), and compare them to the rest-frame UV properties of high redshift sub-mm and Lyman-break galaxies, we have obtained far- and near-UV imaging observations (lambda_{eff}=1457��, lambda_{eff}=2364��, respectively) of two luminous infrared galaxies (LIGs--VV 114 and IC 883) and five ULIGs (IRAS 08572+3915, Mrk 273, IRAS 15250+3609, Arp 220, and IRAS 19254--7245) using the Hubble Space Telescope. All the galaxies were detected in both channels. UV light, both diffuse and from star clusters, can be traced to within the inner kpc of the dominant near-IR nuclei. However, in general, the brightest UV sources are clearly displaced from the $I$-band and near-IR peaks by at least hundreds of pc. Further, only 0.07%-7.3% of the total near-UV light is projected within the inner 500 pc radius, even though this is the same region wherein most of the bolometric energy is generated. All nuclei are highly obscured by dust. (Abridged)

44 pages incl. 6 tables, plus 22 figures (eps and jpeg); accepted by Astrophysical Journal, scheduled for April 1, 2002 issue