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Carpeloid Stamens of Podophyllum peltatum

Authors: M. Louise Sawyer;

Carpeloid Stamens of Podophyllum peltatum

Abstract

During the spring of i919, on bringing into the botanical laboratory of Grinnell College, Iowa, a large collection of Podophyllum peltatum, taken in a country pasture and intended for class study, the writer found a number of abnormal flowers. These seemed to be sufficiently interesting to be worth investigating. In these flowers (fig. i) the pistil was quite normal and the floral envelopes practically so, although showing a slight tendency to have more than the usual number of petals. The unusual parts were the stamens. These organs were greatly enlarged at the apex by the occurrence, at the end of an expanded elongation of the connective, of a well developed stigmatic surface, closely resembling that borne normally on the pistil. These stamens with their terminating stigmas were of varying forms, and were found to bear not only pollen sacs containing pollen grains, but most of them also bore ovule-like structures of varying sizes and shapes. On many of the stamens the connective expansion was more or less like an open fan in shape, and the thickly convoluted margin was stigmatic (fig. 2). The ovules of these stamens were usually borne on the lower part of the expanded portion, not far from the pollen sacs. Other stamens bore disk-shaped enlargements with the stigmatic convolution surrounding the entire disk, except for an occasional interruption in the lower part near the pollen sacs. Often the spot not occupied by stigmatic tissue bore an ovule. Again, some of the stamens gave rise to several hornlike projections, each with stigmatic tissue at its tip. The most interesting variation in the form of the connective expansion was found on a few stamens which ended in a hoodlike structure that nearly inclosed a cavity. This condition is suggestive of an ovary. Such a stamen is discernible at the upper part of the stamen whorl in fig. i. The ovules on these structures were located near the opening of the cavity, and the stigmatic surface was confined to the margin of the

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
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