This study challenges the theory that adult political behavior is little more than an elaboration of patterns rooted in childhood. It is based on evidence from 421 state legislators in 4 states and 129 city councilmen from 23 cities. Comparing and contrasting those who entered politics early and late, the authors conclude that political experiences in childhood and adolescence are less important than more relevant and pressing demands in orienting officeholders to their jobs. Kenneth Prewitt is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago, Heinz Eulau is Professor of Political Science at Stanford University, and Betty H. Zisk is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Boston University.