India's population problem might be solved if her traditionally high fertility could be reduced. The present analysis assesses the possibility of such a reduction in the next two or three decades. The birth rate in the past shows no definite downward trend. The rural-urban differential shows no increase in the gap between city and country. A study of religious and caste differentials according to social status, occupation, and literacy shows no displacement of institutional by deliberate controls. No downward trend is imminent under present conditions.