
doi: 10.1086/183399
Solar activity is expected to affect the solar constant at some level. Recent observations and data analysis show the amount of variation to be expected for active regions, faculae, and sunspots on the apparent solar brightness. It is concluded that the maximum effect is about 20 times greater for sunspots than for faculae per unit area. Because facular areas are 25-30 times those for sunspots, the effect on the solar constant of faculae and sunspots is approximately equal and opposite, being typically in the neighborhood of 40-100 parts per million (ppm), but on occasion able to reach over 200 ppm. The issue of energy balance is not discussed here, for it requires further data analysis as well as information on the facular and sunspot limb darkening.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 19 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 1% | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
