In this entry, a review of research papers is presented that highlights the formation of a microstructure and the properties of compacted graphite cast iron (CGI) castings. The entry presents the morphology of compacted graphite compared to flake graphite and spheroidal (nodular) graphite. The solidification path of CGI, indicating the significant influence of surface-active elements and the so-called antispheroidizers on growth and morphology of graphite, has been presented. The entry comprises the cooling curves of CGI compared to ductile iron (SGI) and gray cast iron (LGI) with respect to the growth of compacted graphite in contact with liquid metal. Attention is drawn to the fading of compacting treatments (vermicularization) and inoculation effects that are associated with varying physicochemical states of liquid metal. This entry addresses the issue of obtaining compacted graphite at a high cooling rate in thin-walled castings. It also highlights the technological factors influencing the chilling tendency and chill of CGI castings. Furthermore, it presents modern and prospective types of compacted graphite cast iron, which are obtained either as a result of introducing alloying elements into cast iron (e.g., Si–Mo CGI) or as a result of heat treatment processing (e.g., ACGI). The effects of a microstructure on mechanical properties that are relevant in commercial applications are included in the entry. Moreover, it details the advantages of CGI in relation to SGI, LGI, as well as aluminum alloys.